The Opening Formula and Witness Clauses in Arabic Legal Documents from the Early Islamic Period. Journal of the American Society for Premodern Asia, [S. l.], v. 139, n. 1, p. 23–40, 2019. DOI: 10.7817/jameroriesoci.139.1.0023. Disponível em: https://mail.lockwoodonlinejournals.com/index.php/jaos/article/view/912. Acesso em: 3 may. 2026.